Uva\u017eovali jste p\u0159i koupi nemovitosti o tom, \u017ee si sjedn\u00e1te s druhou stranou kupn\u00ed cenu, ale do smlouvy uvedete jinou? Mo\u017en\u00e1 V\u00e1m takov\u00fd postup dokonce doporu\u010dila osoba, kterou pova\u017eujete za odborn\u00edka, nap\u0159. bankovn\u00ed poradce, nebo zprost\u0159edkovatel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A\u0165 u\u017e chcete t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem u\u0161et\u0159it na dani z p\u0159\u00edjmu, vyhnout se pomluv\u00e1m na m\u00edstn\u00edm katastru nebo um\u011ble nav\u00fd\u0161it \u00fav\u011br, abyste m\u011bli z \u010deho financovat n\u00e1slednou rekonstrukci nemovitosti, tento postup rozhodn\u011b nelze doporu\u010dit.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n P\u0159\u00edkla<\/em>d:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vy, jako kupuj\u00edc\u00ed, spole\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm oba v\u00edte, \u017ee d\u016fm, kter\u00fd kupujete, m\u00e1 hodnotu 2.000.000,-K\u010d. Proto\u017ee ale tak\u00e9 v\u00edte, \u017ee bude nutn\u00e9 d\u016fm rozs\u00e1hle rekonstruovat a Vy nedisponujete pot\u0159ebn\u00fdmi financemi, dohodnete se, \u017ee do kupn\u00ed smlouvy uvedete kupn\u00ed cenu 3.000.000,-K\u010d. Banka V\u00e1m p\u016fj\u010d\u00ed celou po\u017eadovanou \u010d\u00e1stku a Vy n\u00e1sledn\u011b prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edmu p\u0159evedete na \u00fa\u010det pouze 2.000.000,-K\u010d. Zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed 1.000.000,-K\u010d V\u00e1m zbude na rekonstrukci.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00fd\u0161e popsan\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt dalekos\u00e1hl\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky. Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z nich uv\u00e1d\u00edme n\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Um\u011bl\u00e9 nav\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed kupn\u00ed ceny a faktick\u00e9 \u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fav\u011bru za jin\u00fdm \u00fa\u010delem (rekonstrukce m\u00edsto koup\u011b) by mohlo b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1no za \u00fav\u011brov\u00fd podvod dle \u00a7 211 z\u00e1k. \u010d. 40\/2009 Sb., trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku. <\/p>\n\n\n\n V dan\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bude podstatn\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na to, jak\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti jste uvedli p\u0159i \u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed o \u00fav\u011br, jak\u00e9 byly podm\u00ednky \u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed a jak\u00fd byl povolen\u00fd \u00fa\u010del \u00fav\u011bru. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Za tento \u010din byste mohli b\u00fdt st\u00edh\u00e1ni prim\u00e1rn\u011b Vy, jako strana \u00fav\u011brovan\u00e1. Za p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dastenstv\u00ed ve form\u011b n\u00e1vodu a pomoci v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt st\u00edh\u00e1n t\u00e9\u017e nap\u0159. prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed, zprost\u0159edkovatel \u010di pracovn\u00edk banky, kter\u00fd o Va\u0161em z\u00e1m\u011bru v\u011bd\u011bl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Budete-li vystupovat na stran\u011b kupuj\u00edc\u00edho, prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed by po V\u00e1s mohl po\u017eadovat doplacen\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed kupn\u00ed ceny.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pokud jste kupn\u00ed cenu uhradili na \u00fa\u010det prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho v ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stce, ne\u017e je uvedeno v p\u00edsemn\u00e9 kupn\u00ed smlouv\u011b, mohl by V\u00e1s prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b \u017ealovat na zaplacen\u00ed zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti kupn\u00ed ceny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n a) star\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00faprava (smlouvy uzav\u0159en\u00e9 p\u0159ed rokem 2014)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Podle pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fapravy \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 do konce roku 2013 platil z\u00e1v\u011br, \u017ee pokud je v p\u00edsemn\u00e9m vyhotoven\u00ed kupn\u00ed smlouvy na nemovitost uvedena kupn\u00ed cena odli\u0161n\u00e1 od ceny skute\u010dn\u011b dohodnut\u00e9 (a\u0165 u\u017e ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed nebo vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed), je cel\u00e1 kupn\u00ed smlouva neplatn\u00e1. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Neplatn\u00e1 byla jak kupn\u00ed smlouva se skute\u010dn\u011b dohodnutou cenou, tak i kupn\u00ed smlouva s cenou uvedenou v p\u00edsemn\u00e9m vyhotoven\u00ed smlouvy. \u0160lo o neplatnost tzv. absolutn\u00ed, ke kter\u00e9 soud p\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017eel i bez n\u00e1vrhu \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se na smlouvu nahl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, jako by v\u016fbec nebyla uzav\u0159ena. Na jej\u00edm z\u00e1klad\u011b tak nem\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k nabyt\u00ed vlastnick\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va k nemovitosti ani k \u00fahrad\u011b kupn\u00ed ceny. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ve\u0161ker\u00e1 pln\u011bn\u00ed u\u010din\u011bn\u00e1 na z\u00e1klad\u011b takov\u00e9 smlouvy v minulosti (nap\u0159. \u00fahrada kupn\u00ed ceny) se mus\u00ed vracet. Na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 v mezidob\u00ed prob\u011bhla, je pot\u0159eba nahl\u00ed\u017eet novou optikou a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b je tak\u00e9 vypo\u0159\u00e1dat (nap\u0159. dosavadn\u00ed bezplatn\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nemovitosti kupuj\u00edc\u00edm, kter\u00fd ale v d\u016fsledku neexistence smlouvy nen\u00ed vlastn\u00edk). <\/p>\n\n\n\n b) aktu\u00e1ln\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00faprava (smlouvy uzav\u0159en\u00e9 od roku 2014)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Nov\u00fd ob\u010dansk\u00fd z\u00e1kon\u00edk \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd od roku 2014 zavedl m\u00edrn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e1 pravidla. Obecn\u011b by m\u011bla b\u00fdt preferov\u00e1na platnost smluv p\u0159ed jejich neplatnost\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Nab\u00edz\u00ed se tak mo\u017enost pova\u017eovat za neplatn\u00e9 pouze ujedn\u00e1n\u00ed o kupn\u00ed cen\u011b s t\u00edm, \u017ee cena se ur\u010d\u00ed jako v dan\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b a \u010dase obvykl\u00e1. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Soudn\u00ed praxe v\u0161ak tomu zat\u00edm neodpov\u00edd\u00e1. N\u011bkter\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed soud\u016f naopak p\u0159edznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee bude tendence sp\u00ed\u0161e k udr\u017een\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00ed linie a z\u00e1v\u011bry tak z\u0159ejm\u011b z\u016fstanou prakticky stejn\u00e9, stejn\u011b jako n\u00e1sledky. <\/p>\n\n\n\n V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jak\u00fdchkoliv nejasnost\u00ed V\u00e1m r\u00e1di pom\u016f\u017eeme vymyslet a realizovat \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed V\u00e1m u\u0161it\u00e9 na m\u00edru tak, aby odpov\u00eddalo pr\u00e1vn\u00edm p\u0159edpis\u016fm a z\u00e1rove\u0148 i Va\u0161im p\u0159edstav\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Uva\u017eovali jste p\u0159i koupi nemovitosti o tom, \u017ee si sjedn\u00e1te s druhou stranou kupn\u00ed cenu, ale do smlouvy uvedete jinou? Mo\u017en\u00e1 V\u00e1m takov\u00fd postup dokonce doporu\u010dila osoba, kterou pova\u017eujete za odborn\u00edka, nap\u0159. bankovn\u00ed poradce, nebo zprost\u0159edkovatel. A\u0165 u\u017e chcete t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem u\u0161et\u0159it na dani z p\u0159\u00edjmu, vyhnout se pomluv\u00e1m na m\u00edstn\u00edm katastru nebo um\u011ble nav\u00fd\u0161it \u00fav\u011br, abyste […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6989,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pravni-tipy"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oklegal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oklegal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oklegal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oklegal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oklegal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/oklegal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7000,"href":"https:\/\/oklegal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1\/revisions\/7000"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oklegal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6989"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oklegal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oklegal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oklegal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}1. Trestn\u00fd \u010din \u00fav\u011brov\u00e9ho podvodu<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
2. Doplacen\u00ed kupn\u00ed ceny<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
3. Neplatnost kupn\u00ed smlouvy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n